Memelabs

This page is read only. You can view the source, but not change it. Ask your administrator if you think this is wrong.
====== Surveillance Camera RaspberryPi 5 and Dual camera ======

===== Hardware =====

  * Raspberry PI 5
  * 2x Raspberry PI Camera V3
  * 2x Raspberry PI Camera Cable for Zero
  * Solar Panel (25Watt, 12V (nominal), 17.8V Max
  * Solar Charge Controller (10Amp) (12/24V)
  * Two LED lights (IR 8W +Visible 18W)
  * 2x MOSFET switches
  * 1x AHT21 Temp/Humidity sensor
  * 1x USB-C cable (RPI 5 power)
  * Transparent dome
  * 2x Outdoor project box
  * Cable connectors
  * 12V 19AH battery

===== Software =====

==== Raspberry PI OS lite - Bookworm ====

=== Configuration ===

**Lower default console resolution ** [1]

  * Edit file "/boot/firmware/cmdline.txt". Add the following before "rootwait":

  video=HDMI-A-1:1024x768@30

You can try other resolutions, not all of them work
  * Reboot

**Configure WIFI**

  * Run "sudo raspi-config"
  * "1 system options"->"S1 Wireless LAN"
  * Follow instructions

**Update apt**

  sudo apt update

**Upgrade your packages**

  sudo apt full-upgrade

  * Reboot "sudo reboot"

**Adjust your system with raspi-config**

  * Configure 1->S9->persistent (storage location persistent)
  * Configure 3->I1->yes (enable ssh)
  * Configure 4->P4->disable_usb_current_limit
  * Configure 5 (locale, language and keyboard)

**Find your mac address**

  ip add

  * Write down the mac address and use it in your access point to set a fix ip for this RPI and be able to access it with ssh with a name

**Access your pi with ssh**

  ssh campi5

(or use the ip number that "ip add" shows for wifi)

**journal to permanent storage**

  * Edit /etc/systemd/journald.conf and change the following:

  Storage=persistent
  Compress=no
  SystemMaxUse=300M
  MaxFileSec=1month

  * Restart journald:

  sudo systemctl restart systemd-journald.service

**Hardware Watchdog**

  * Edit /etc/systemd/system.conf and change the following:

  RuntimeWatchdogSec=15s
  RebootWatchdogSec=10min

  * Reload systemd config file:

  sudo systemctl daemon-reload

  * Test watchdog with a fork bomb. Create a file called /tmp/test.sh with:

  #!/bin/bash
  :(){ :|:& };:

  * Run it:

  sudo bash /tmp/test.sh

  * After some seconds it should produce a reboot



**Connect your first camera to first camera port**

  * Turn off and disconnect the power supply to your PI
  * Connect the flat cable the the camera and PI
  * Restart the PI

**Test camera**

  * Run the command:

  rpicam-still

  * It should show a capture from the camera

**Install common tools**

  sudo apt install emacs mc

**Install motionplus**

  * Install dependencies

  sudo apt install autoconf automake autopoint build-essential pkgconf libtool libzip-dev libjpeg-dev git libavformat-dev libavcodec-dev libavutil-dev libswscale-dev libavdevice-dev libopencv-dev libwebp-dev gettext libmicrohttpd-dev libmariadb-dev libcamera-dev libcamera-tools libcamera-v4l2 libasound2-dev libpulse-dev libfftw3-dev libpq-dev libsqlite3-dev debhelper dh-autoreconf
  mkdir ~/tmp
  cd ~/tmp
  wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Motion-Project/motion-packaging/master/buildplus.sh
  chmod +x buildplus.sh
  ./buildplus.sh memeruiz memeruiz@gmail.com

  * It takes a while to compile
  * Install the motionplus package

  sudo dpkg -i bookworm_motionplus_0.2.0-git-20250201-2c7c209-1_arm64.deb

  * Add motion user to memeruiz group (so motion can access your home directory)

  sudo adduser motion memeruiz

  * Add etc configuration files

  sudo mkdir /etc/motionplus
  sudo cp /var/lib/motionplus/motionplus-dist.conf /etc/motionplus/motionplus.conf
  sudo cp /var/lib/motionplus/camera1-dist.conf /etc/motionplus/camera1.conf
  sudo cp /var/lib/motionplus/camera2-dist.conf /etc/motionplus/camera2.conf

  * Edit /etc/motionplus/motionplus.conf with the following:

  * Create movie directory and give permissions:

  mkdir ~/movies
  sudo chmod g+x /home/memeruiz
  sudo chmod g+rwx /home/memeruiz/movies


**Connect to Internet with SORACOM 4G and Kölbi** [2][3][4]

  * Install the debian dependencies/tools:


  sudo apt-get install udhcpc


  * Install kölbi sim card on SORACOM modem
  * Connect SORACOM USB modem on a USB3 ports
  * Wait until it completely boots (several minutes)
  * Download the setup_eg25.sh script from soracom:

  curl -O https://soracom-files.s3.amazonaws.com/connect/setup_eg25.sh

  * Edit this script and change the DEFAULT_APN to "kolbi3g" and change DEFAULT_USERNAME and DEFAULT_PASSWORD to "no"
  * Run the script:

  chmod +x setup_eg25.sh
  sudo ./setup_eg25.sh

  * It should connect to Internet. Check with "ip add"

**Disable WIFI default gw** [5]

  sudo nmcli connection modify VIRAZU1 ipv4.never-default yes
  
**Using two cameras with motionplus**

Motionplus doesn't support two raspberry pi cameras with one single process. Also, motionplus doesn't support two cameras using libcam. libcamerify has to be used for each motionplus process.

Two new systemd unit process files must be created

  * Disable original motionplus systemd process:

  sudo systemctl stop motionplus.service
  sudo systemctl disable motionplus.service

  * Create two new motionplus systemd unit files:

  sudo cp /lib/systemd/system/motionplus.service /etc/systemd/system/motionplus0.service
  sudo cp /lib/systemd/system/motionplus.service /etc/systemd/system/motionplus1.service

  * In each file replace the "ExecStart=/usr/bin/motionplus". 
  * For motionplus0.service:

    ExecStart=/usr/bin/libcamerify /usr/bin/motionplus -c /etc/motionplus/motionplus0.conf
   
  * For motionplus1.service:

    ExecStart=/usr/bin/libcamerify /usr/bin/motionplus -c /etc/motionplus/motionplus1.conf

  * Copy /etc/motionplus/motionplus.conf to motionplus0.conf and motionplus1.conf
  * In each conf file activate a different camera file
  * In each camera file use:

  v4l2_device /dev/video0

or:

  v4l2_device /dev/video8

according to the output from rpicam-hello --list-cameras output

  * Start and enable both systemd unit files

**i2c for aht10 and aht20**

  * raspi-config->3 Interface options->I4 I2C->Enable Yes
  * Power off
  * Connect your I2C device to pins: GPIO2 (I2C1 SDA) and GPIO3 (I2C1 SCL). Use 3.3V power supply for your device. Pull-ups are integrated on the RPI.
  * Reboot and test:

  i2cdetect -y 1

It should show 0x38 or 0x39 depending on the aht10 configuration (0x38 or 0x39) or aht20 (0x38)

**Use the integraded USART interface**

  * raspi-config->3 Interface options->I6 Serial Port->Login Shell on serial->No
  * Serial port hardware enable->Yes
  * Reboot
  * File "/dev/ttyAMA0" Should now exist
  * Connect your USART interface to pins GPIO14 (TXD) and GPIO15 (RXD)

**Python code for reading temperature, humidity and solar battery state from AHT10, AHT20 and Renogy WND10**

  * mount your pi home directory remotely with sshfs (in your host):

  sshfs campi5:/home/memeruiz ~/mnt/pi

  * get the code (in your host):

  mkdir -p ~/mnt/pi/local/src/repos/www.memelabs.net/
  cd ~/mnt/pi/local/src/repos/www.memelabs.net/
  git clone git@www.memelabs.net:pi-security-camera-utils
  cd pi-security-camera-utils
  git submodule init
  git submodule update

  * Install dependencies (in the RPI5):

  sudo apt-get install python3-pip python3-smbus
  pip3 install renogymodbus --break-system-packages

  * Connect your USART interface to pins GPIO14 (TXD) and GPIO15 (RXD) and to the renogy solar charger
  * Connect your I2C AHT10 sensor to pins: GPIO2 (I2C1 SDA) and GPIO3 (I2C1 SCL). Use 3.3V power supply for your device. Pull-ups are integrated on the RPI.
  * You can also connect your I2C AHT20 sensor to the same I2C1 pins in parallel. In this case Edit file python_utils/i2c_sensors_all.py and at the end of the file uncomment the line:

  battery_aht20()

  * To test communication (RPI5):

  cd python_utils
  ./i2c_sensors_all.py

  * It should show something like this:


  CT:25.8C|H:55.4% || SP: 0.0V|SP: 0.0A|B:12.7V|B:76.0%|LC: 0.1A|LP: 1.0W|Temp:28.0C


**flask web server for remote survaillance**

  * Install flask (RPI5)

  sudo apt-get install python3-flask
  sudo cp ~/local/src/repos/www.memelabs.net/pi-security-camera-utils/systemd/motionplus_wrapper.service /etc/systemd/system/
  sudo systemctl start motionplus_wrapper.service
  sudo systemctl enable motionplus_wrapper.service
  
**Disable buggus autofocus**

  * Edit file: /usr/share/libcamera/ipa/rpi/pisp/imx708.json and remove the complete "rpi.af" section

**Configure the wireguard VPN**

  * Install wireguard:

  sudo apt-get install wireguard

  * Copy client configuration over:

  sudo mkdir /etc/wireguard
  sudo cp ~/local/src/repos/www.memelabs.net/pi-security-camera-utils/wireguard/pi/wg0.conf /etc/wireguard/
  
  * Start and enable wireguard systemd service:

  sudo systemctl start wg-quick@wg0
  sudo systemctl enable wg-quick@wg0
  
  This methods doesn't work for sharing with other wireguard clients


**Configure the openvpn VPN**

  * Install openvpn

  sudo apt-get install openvpn

  * copy config file and certificates:

  cd ~/local/src/repos/www.memelabs.net/pi-security-camera-utils 
  sudo cp -r openvpn /etc/

  * Start and enable openvpn client service:

  sudo systemctl start openvpn-client@camrem0
  sudo systemctl enable openvpn-client@camrem0

  * In the openvpn server config file be sure to comment out all "push and route" lines. Specially "redirect-gateway". Be sure that this config file includes the line "client-to-client"


**Configure motion Telegram notification**

  * Edit both files "/etc/motionplus/motionplus0.conf" and "/etc/motionplus/motionplus1.conf" and uncomment the following line:

on_movie_start /home/memeruiz/local/src/repos/www.memelabs.net/pi-security-camera-utils/motionpush/motionpush.sh

  * Messages should now be arriving to Telegram!

**Configure motion video file upload**

  * Install dependencies

  sudo apt-get install cadaver lsof

  * Copy cadaver config file to home

  sudo cp /home/memeruiz/local/src/repos/www.memelabs.net/pi-security-camera-utils/cadaver/.netrc /home/memeruiz/

  * Copy nextcloud systemd service file:

  sudo cp /home/memeruiz/local/src/repos/www.memelabs.net/pi-security-camera-utils/systemd/nextcloudpushd.service /etc/systemd/system/
  sudo systemctl start nextcloudpushd.service
  sudo systemctl enable nextcloudpushd.service

**Configure network watchdog**

  * Copy the ping watchdog systemd service

  sudo cp /home/memeruiz/local/src/repos/www.memelabs.net/pi-security-camera-utils/systemd/ping_watchdog.service /etc/systemd/system/

  * Start and enable the service:

  sudo systemctl start ping_watchdog.service
  sudo systemctl enable ping_watchdog.service

**Using GPIOs for IR lights, normal lights and Alarm/beeper**

  * copy the systemd unit file for gpio initialization:

  sudo cp /home/memeruiz/local/src/repos/www.memelabs.net/pi-security-camera-utils/scripts/systemd/lights_init.service /etc/systemd/system/

  * Activate and enable the service

  sudo systemctl start lights_init.service
  sudo systemctl enable lights_init.service
  
  * copy the systemd unit file for infrared night light service:

  sudo cp /home/memeruiz/local/src/repos/www.memelabs.net/pi-security-camera-utils/scripts/systemd/ir_light.service /etc/systemd/system/

  * Activate and enable the service

  sudo systemctl start ir_light.service
  sudo systemctl enable ir_light.service

  * copy the systemd unit file for alarm/beeper service:

  sudo cp /home/memeruiz/local/src/repos/www.memelabs.net/pi-security-camera-utils/scripts/systemd/alarm.service /etc/systemd/system/

  * Activate and enable the service

  sudo systemctl start alarm.service
  sudo systemctl enable alarm.service


**Sending and receiving SMSs**

  * polkit only allows to list and read smss for users. To send or delete SMSs create and edit file: /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/50-mmcli-send-sms.rules with the following contents:

  polkit.addRule(function(action, subject) {
      if (action.id == "org.freedesktop.ModemManager1.Messaging"
          && subject.isInGroup("memeruiz") )
      {
          return polkit.Result.YES;
      }
  });
  
  * Restart polkit:

  sudo systemctl restart polkit.service

  * To list modems:

  mmcli -L

  * To list SMSs on modem:

  mmcli -m 0 --messaging-list-sms

  * To show an SMS:

  mmcli -s 0

  * To create and send an SMS:

  mmcli -m 0 --messaging-create-sms="text='hellow world',number='+50683096020'"
  mmcli -s 3 --send

  * To delete an SMS:

  mmcli -m 0 --messaging-delete-sms=0
  
**Shrink raspberry pi SD images**

https://github.com/qrti/shrink

**Calculate power consumption**

https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?t=367244

https://github.com/jfikar/RPi5-power

https://github.com/librerpi/rpi-tools/blob/master/pi5_voltage.py


===== References =====

[1] https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/configuration.html#kernel-command-line-cmdline-txt

[2] https://techfortalk.co.uk/2024/03/14/setting-up-data-connection-with-soracom-onyx-lte-usb-modem-on-linux/

[3] https://stackoverflow.com/questions/78120541/establishing-data-connection-using-soracom-onyx-lte-usb-modem-in-linux

[4] https://developers.soracom.io/en/start/connect/soracom-onyx-lte/

[5] https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/399659/how-to-avoid-dhclient-default-gateway-on-an-interface